The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-4) recommends the reduction of mortality in children under five by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. A substantial number of deaths occur in the neonatal period. Preterm deliveries and low birth weight are predictors of infant mortality This study aimed to improve understanding of Preterm delivery and Low Birth Weight determinants for effective interventions design. The objectives were: to determine the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery, and to identify the determinants of these outcomes Secondary analysis of the First Breath Trial data were conducted using Wilcox-Russel method to analyze the birth weight distribution, calculate the residual distributions, and estimate of small preterm births. Binary logistic regression was run to determine relevant risk factors From 14551 newborns 11.6% were low birth weight and 3.3% were preterm. The predominant distribution mean was 3153 grs +/- 480 grs and the residual distribution represented 4.3% Young primiparous without any formal education or at least primary level, with multiple birth pregnancy, and who did not attend prenatal care were at higher risk of low birth weight. Female infants also were at greater risk Unmarried young mothers with multiple birth pregnancy who did not attend prenatal care and gave birth at their own house were at higher risk of preterm birth. The study assessed the association between maternal characteristics and two important pregnancy outcomes: low birth weight and preterm delivery. They should be considered as public health issues that need urgent strategies to deal with
