Although societies have increasingly embraced policies to enforce international human rights norms and greater demand for accountability when confronted with internal mass violence, war or transition from repressive rulings (Licklider 2001), population-based research have rarely been used to inform the design, implementation and the evaluation of such policies. Yet, after over a decade of applied transitional justice, program developers, scholars and policymakers are still exploring what contributions such mechanisms make to the process of building a lasting peace. Against this background, this study introduces a quantitative approach to explore, from a population perspective, the relation between peace and justice in the aftermath of mass violence using empirical evidences from Northern Uganda A victim-based model of peace and justice is proposed to explore associations between victimization, views on the mechanisms that can achieve peace and support for selected transitional justice policies. The findings of this study show that support for trials is associated with psychological trauma and views that negative mechanisms, such as waging a war, can achieve peace. This suggests that support for trials is associated with desire for revenge and punishment. It is therefore possible that trials contribute to building peace by providing an alternative to the use of violence as a means of revenge. This further implies that, in the eyes of victims, there is a contradiction in pursuing trials (associated with negative means to achieve peace) while at the same time negotiating peace. Support for amnesty was associated with peace talks and other positive mechanism to achieve peace and absence of psychological trauma, suggesting that among this group, returning to normal life is the priority Psychological trauma impacts views on peace and justice. Addressing the psycho-social impact of the conflict should therefore become part of any transitional justice mechanisms. The way forward in Northern Uganda must therefore be driven by a comprehensive strategy that addresses the psycho-social component influencing support for specific mechanisms. With that in mind, a strategy taking advantage of all the mechanisms and the needs of the victims can be developed and receive support from the population