Three papers in my dissertation focus on the early effects of Covid-19 on the labor market outcomes for older workers, the age disparity in the effects of Covid-19 on labor market outcomes by sex, race, and ethnicity during and after the recession, and the effectiveness of state age-discrimination laws on older workers during and after the recession. The first chapter summarizes some of the early effects and discusses possible future effects of the Covid-19-19 pandemic and recession on the employment outcomes of older workers in the United States. The analysis shows that while previous recessions, in some ways, did not affect employment outcomes for older workers as much, this recession disproportionately affected older workers age 65 and older. We also find that COVID-19 and the recession disproportionately affected women, where women have reached higher unemployment rates than men, which was consistent for all age groups and unemployment rate measures we used. In the second chapter, I examine whether state age discrimination laws, which provide stronger protection than the federal law, reduce the adverse impacts of Covid-19 on older workers. Despite the concerns that age discrimination laws become less effective or even harmful to older workers during recessions, I find positive or no effects of stronger state laws during and after the Covid-19 recession. I find that older men had higher hiring and employment rates in states with stronger laws following the onset of Covid-19. The results also show stronger state age discrimination laws were less effective for women. In the third chapter, I provide evidence of age disparities by sex, race, and ethnicity during and after the Covid-19 recession. My findings indicate that the Covid-19 recession disproportionately affected 65+ workers relative to 25-54 workers and older women relative to younger men during the recession. Compared to younger White non-Hispanic workers, older Asian and Hispanic workers experienced more adverse impacts of Covid-19. For the effects by recession, the Covid-19 recession adversely impacted older workers, particularly 65+ women, compared to other recessions.