Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan C3 perennial grass that has become invasive in North American wetlands and now span across the continental United States. Its spread can be exacerbated by anthropogenic factors and the microbial communities it cultivates. The spread of Phragmites is mainly driven by seedling recruitment, which is influenced by reproductive output, seedling survival, and seedling performance. Here I study how Phragmites seedling recruitment varies across region by performing a survey of reproductive traits and seedling growth experiment of Phragmites spanning three regions in North America. We also assess how anthropogenic factors (CO2 and nitrogen) affect seedling recruitment by collecting reproductive traits and performing a seedling growth experiment from Phragmites populations exposed to long-term global change factor. Lastly, we assess how Phragmites foliar microbial communities are recruited and how they vary between regions using a regional survey. We find evidence that Phragmites populations from the Southeast have a high potential for seedling recruitment, as they exhibit high reproductive output and seedling growth responds positively to nitrogen fertilization. We discover that long-term nitrogen fertilization increases reproductive output in Phragmites, and that elevated CO2 has the potential to increase belowground growth in Phragmites. We uncover that lower leaf communities from older and more polluted sites may contribute to higher proportions in pathogenic foliar fungi in Phragmites. This work contributes to our current understanding of regional variation in both Phragmites seedling recruitment and foliar microbial communities as well as contributing to our understanding of Phragmites under future global change.