00:00 – Young continues discussing his travels in Austria. He was in Reid and Jean was in Linz, about thirty miles apart. They saw each other twice during that six week period. 01:55 – Going back to the National Council of Churches. The churches had an emphasis on rapid social change. He attended a conference at the Ecumenical Institute in Bossey, Switzerland in 1964. The World Council of Churches was ahead of secular society. Young ended up doing similar work with the United Nations years later. They developed a program to combat racism. 04:00 – He met liberation leaders from places like Zimbabwe and Namibia through his church work. He met Sam Nujoma from SWAPO and leaders from Mozambique and Angola. He got first-hand information from clergy in those countries. He met members of the African National Congress and the Pan-Africanist Congress. 05:12 – Young reflects on the fear of the East Europeans, who felt persecuted as Christians. What was casual conversation to Young was politically volatile to the people of East Berlin. Ernst Lange was from West Berlin but was a chaplain who moved back and forth. The Europeans got a propaganda view of America and had a skewed view of violence against black people. 08:00 – The reactions of people from the liberation movements. A man from Mozambique talked about how they receive medicine and bandages but the Portuguese receive weapons. He said it was dangerous to deal with the Christians because they begin to believe that all Americans are like them, but then they come to find that Americans are arming their enemies. They had all be educated at missionary schools. His impressions of Sam Nujoma. 11:00 – The Africans rarely spoke to him about his role as a black American and the question of unity. The relationship was taken for granted. The Dutch theologians would often join them. Young also related to the Indians. Many wanted Young to be an advocate for nonviolence. Young would not condemn those who felt that there needed to be another way. He discusses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s distinctions about violence (for defense, etc.). He did advocate for the nonviolent movement and answer questions on the subject. 18:00 – Dent and Young discuss violence vs. nonviolence in the black struggle was a false dichotomy. No one advocated for violence. The representation of Malcolm X and King are both flawed. Disagreement with King has been used to discredit other leaders. Rioting is more than violence; it is an eruption of frustration. Young says no progress in the 60s came about as a result of burning and looting. Dent’s interpretation is different. They disagree about what killed progress. Did violence frighten the power structure or institutionalize repression against the black community? 30:00 – The War on Poverty money. [Recording ends 32:00.]